Reading Skills That All Readers Must Have

So what skills and abilities does it take to be a fluent reader and writer of the English language? There are many but they fall into eight general categories:

• Visual Perception  & Tracking
  The ability to perceive visual information accurately and process information that is presented through the visual modality in its correct order.
• Visual Motor Integration
  The ability to reproduce visual information by means of finger-hand movements. Visual motor integration affects the ability to write, to copy work from textbooks or the chalkboard, to line up math problems, and to perform other reading and writing tasks.
• Phonological Awareness & Memory
  The ability to remove phonological segments from spoken words to form other words and the ability to put sounds together to form words.
• Eidetic Decoding & Encoding
  The ability to read and spell irregular words (Dolch / Sight Words).
• Visual & Auditory Sequential Memory
  The ability to gather and keep information that is seen or heard in its correct sequential order in immediate, short-term, and long-term memory.
• Overall Visual & Auditory Memory
  The overall amount of visual and auditory information that can be retained in immediate, short-term, and long-term memory. This data can be sequential or non-sequential.
• Phonics
  The ability to automatically understand the linguistic logic of how phonologically regular words are encoded (spelled) and decoded (read).
• Fluency
  The ability to combine all reading skills and abilities in a fluid and automatic action.